WIRELESS DOOR LOCKING
SHAILENDRA
SINGH CHAUHAN, GAURAV KUMAR,
SUMIT SIWACH, VINAY RANJAN JAISWAL
DEPARTMENT OF
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
SIKKIM MANIPAL
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
MAJHITAR, SIKKIM, INDIA
Abstract:
Nowadays everything is moving from manual to automatic so it
is necessary to develop door locking device involving some electronic component
and mechanical mechanism.The wireless locking system works on single slider crank
mechanism and performs the operation locking of door, vaults, etc. This system
can be remotely controlled by RF module (Radio Frequency) and DTMF (Dual Tone
Multi Frequency). The whole prototype in controlled by ATMEGA-8 microcontroller
for controlling the opening or closing of the door. This mechanism (single slider crank
mechanism) is highly efficient and economical as it uses only one motor and
crank slider mechanism is made up of wood which is not so costly. The main
objective of the project is to reduce human effort to remotely control the opening
and closing of a simple gate.
- Keywords: Four Bar Linkage, Grashof Condition, Motors, Transmitter and
Receivers, DTMF Module, AVR
Controller Board, L239D motor driving IC.
2.Introduction
As human race
is reaching new heights people are evolving too with it in every field from
technology to the way of living. Thus, wireless technology is one of most
advancing areas in 21st century. As people around the globe are
getting caught up in the busy schedule so they want their way of living to
reach new heights and experience new inventions and gadgets that could make
their live cozy and comfortable. People tends to get annoyed by constant
knocking on the door while sleeping especially in hostels, so one of our senior
advised us to make some kind of automated mechanism for opening and closing of
door. Keeping this thought in mind we put our minds together to bring up a new
advancement in the field of wireless technology by bringing up wireless locking
system. The whole system consists of first inversion of four bar mechanism that
is single slider crank mechanism and some electrical components.IN this project we use
RFID technology, radio frequency identification is a fundamental and
inexpensive technology that enables wireless data transmission. When we press
the button 1 on RFID Module the gate locks itself, while when we press button 2
on the RFID Module the gate unlocks itself and finally when the button 3 is
pressed, the operation of the motor controlling the motion of the locking
system, stops.
3.Mechanism
The mechanism consist of first inversion of four bar mechanism that is it
is a single slider crank mechanism. The slider consists of two rods which
performs to and fro motion for locking and unlocking the door. The whole
mechanism is powered by a six rpm, six volt DC gear motor and so designed to
transform rotational motion of motor into translational motion by means of
single slider crank machanism.this mechanism is first inversion of four bar
linkage.
2.1 Four Bar Linkage: A four bar link mechanism or linkage is the most fundamental of the plane
kinematics linkages. It is a much preferred mechanical device for the
mechanization and control of motion due to its simplicity and versatility.
Basically it consists of four rigid links which are connected in the form of a
quadrilateral by four pin joints. A link that makes complete revolutions
is the crank, the link opposite to the fixed link is the coupler and the fourth
link a lever or rocker if oscillates or an another crank, if rotate.
Fig 2.1: Four Bar Linkage
2.2 Planar Four Bar Linkage:Planar four-bar linkages are
constructed from four links connected in a loop by four one degree of freedom
joints. A joint may be either a revolute
that is a hinged joint, denoted by R, or a prismatic, as sliding joint,
denoted by P.A link connected to ground by a hinged joint is usually called a
crank. A link connected to ground by a prismatic joint is called a slider.
Sliders are sometimes considered to be cranks that have a hinged pivot at an
extremely long distance away perpendicular to the travel of the slider. The
link that connects two cranks is called a floating link or coupler.
A coupler that connects a crank and a slider, it is often called a connecting rod.
There are three basic types of planar four-bar linkage depending on the use
of revolute or prismatic joints:
1. Four revolute joints: The planar quadrilateral linkage is formed
by four links and four revolute joints, denoted RRRR. It consists of two cranks
connected by a coupler.
2. Three revolute joints and a
prismatic joint: The slider-crank
linkage is constructed from four links connected by three revolute and
one prismatic joint, or RRRP. It can be constructed with crank and a slider
connected by the connecting rod. Or it can be constructed as a two cranks with
the slider acting as the coupler, known as an inverted slider-crank.
3. Two revolute joints and two
prismatic joints: The double slider
is a PRRP linkage. This linkage is constructed by connecting two sliders with a
coupler link. If the directions of movement of the two sliders are perpendicular
then the trajectories of the points in the coupler are ellipses and the linkage
is known as an elliptical trammel,
or the Trammel of Archimedes.
2.3 First
Inversion of Four Bar:First
inversion (Reciprocating engine and compressor) – this inversion is obtained when
link 1 is fixed and links2 and 4 are made the crank and the slider
respectively.
2.4 Grashof Condition
VARIABLES
|
DIMENSIONS
|
Crank
|
6.8
cm
|
Connecting
rod
|
15.2
cm
|
Stroke
length
|
5
cm
|
Forward
stroke angle
|
15⁰
|
Return
stroke angle
|
55⁰
|
The Grashof condition for a
four-bar linkage states: If the sum of
the shortest and longest link of a planar quadrilateral linkage is less than or
equal to the sum of the remaining two links, then the shortest link can rotate
fully with respect to a neighboring link. In other words, the condition
is satisfied if -
S+L ≤ P+Q (1)
Here S is the shortest link, L
is the longest, and P and Q are the other links
. 
[
Fig 2.1:-linkage
mechanism Table 2.1: Dimensions of
Links
- Motors
Fig 3.1: DC Gear Motor
DC motor is used in
this project as actuator. The rotary motion of the motor is converted to linear
motion by means of single slider crank mechanism. Again by changing the
direction of current by microcontroller rotation direction of motor is changed
.thus it locks the door for one direction of current decided by the
microcontroller and unlock for opposite direction.
These motors, like any
other electrical motor, use the magnetism induced by an electric current to
rotate a rotor that is connected to a shaft .As we know that a coil of wire
with current running through it generates an electro-magnetic field aligned
with the center of coil, these fields generated transfer energy from the rotor
to the shaft of each motor respectively. In a gear motor, the energy output is
then used to turn a series of gear of the motor in an integrated gear train.
There are various types
of motors but the most common motors generally in terms of use are the AC gear
motors and the DC gear motors (AC for alternating current, DC for direct
current respectively).
- Transmitter
and Receivers
Fig 4.1: Transmitter and receiver
A " 434MHZ RF 4CH
" wireless remote control was operated as a transmitter and also as a
receiver. This device is a two module-a transmitter and receiver. Together they
make an addressable wireless system that can range up to 65 meters .This RF
module used is compatible to HT12D/12E standards.
4.1
Transmitter: - transmitter
of wireless remote control is a powerful transmitter module based on CMOS
technology. There is an internal calibrated crystal oscillator in module HT12E
.This module has 18 pin encoder IC [HT12E], with which the pin female connector
compatible with 12DRF transmitter antenna is connected and one 8 bit address
selected is connected and one 8
bit address select gives us the option of isolation the communication between
the transmitter and the receiver module 4 bit data is available for providing
input to the encoder I.C. On board we have a L7808 voltage regulator that
regulates the voltage ranging from 3V -24 V.
4.2
Receiver end: -
receiver of wireless remote is a powerful transmitter module base on CMOS technology.
There is an internal calibrated crystal oscillator in module IC HT 12D, so
there is no need to provide crystal oscillator externally.
This module has 18 pin
decoder IC (HT12D), with which 8 pin female connector compatible with 12DRF
receiver antenna is connected and 8 bit address select is connected. 8 bit
address select gives us the option of isolating the communication between the
transmitter and the transmitter and the receiver module.4 bit data pins data
pins are given for data output . One LED is connected to denote valid
transmission.
- DTMF Module
Fig 5.1: DTMF Module
DTMF module version
(RM0033) decodes DTMF signal either from an audio source or phone line to 4 bit
binary, TTL (SV) level output. It also indicates output with LED. It can be
used with microcontrollers develop various DTMF related applications like
remote control, caller ID, Auto Dialer. This module can be easily be used in
conjunction with any of the robosapien development boards and develop mobile
operated robots and gadgets.
Highly accurate filter
circuits are implemented to divide tone signals into high frequency and low
frequency signals. Basically it is an 18 pin IC. The HT9170 series consist of
band pass filters and two digital decoder circuits to convert a tone DTMF signal
into some signal output. It has a built-in amplifier circuit to adjust the
input signals. The pre-filter circuit may filter out the dialing tone of 350Hz
to 400Hz signal, and then use the high-pass and low-pass filters to split into
high and low frequency signals. When the HT9170 receives an effective tone
(DTMF) signal. The DV pin goes high and tone code (DTMF) signal is transferred
to its internal circuit for decoding after setting the OE pin goes high and the
DTMF decodes will appear on pin D0-D3. A standard 3.579545MHz connected to X1
and X2 terminals implement the oscillatory function.
- AVR Controller Board
Fig 6.1: AVR Controller
Board
AVR Controller
Board is a complete starter kit and development system for the AVR
Atmega16/32/8535 microcontrollers from ATMEL ® Corporation. It is designed to
give designers a quick start to develop code on the AVR.AVR Development
Board kit is based on our 40 pin development board which is compatible
with many of the Atmel AVR microcontrollers. This kit is an easy and low cost
way to get started with microcontrollers. Included on board is an
Atmega16/32/8535 microcontroller, external crystal with supporting capacitors,
AVCC filter parts, Power supply parts and more. The Controller used is an
8-bit microcontroller. The versatility of board helps us to avail Programmable
16KB of flash, 1KB of RAM and Accessible 24C x I2C EEPROM. The board has
32 I/O lines, one programmable full duplex USART, 4 PWM channels and 8 channel
10-bit ADC Converter. The board create a perfect platform for operating dual
8-bit Timers each having separate pre-scalars and compare modes. Additionally,
a single 16-bit timer with a separate pre-scalar, compare and capture mode can
be used. The Atmega16/32 is a feature packed and very versatile
microcontroller. The board takes Input which can be either analog or Digital in
nature. On board we have PIN extensions of all the parallel I/O line available
with the micro controller to make the peripherals plug n play.
Two L293D ICs are also
available in Atmega-16/32 development board to run 4 different motors
simultaneously. There is 1 DB-9 female connecter also mounted on board for PC
connection. There is one 16 pins LCD connector (female) also available. There are
four PWM channels also available by which we can control stepper/servo motors.
Master/Slave SPI serial interface availability make use of USBASP programmer to
flash program in controller.8 keypad switch and pattern of 8 different lids are
also available on Atmega-16 board. There are two different option to
provide power supply (DC battery/adapter) to the development board. It also has
4 Interrupt switches to create interrupts.
7. Program Code
#include<avr/io.h>
int main(void)
{
int d=0;
int b=0;
DDRB=0b11111111; //PORTB as output Port connected to motors
DDRD=0b00000000; //PORTD Input port connected to RFID module
while(1) // infinite loop
{ d=PIND&0b11111111;
//PORTB=0b11111111;
if(d==0b00000001) //if Key 1 is pressed
{
PORTB=0b00000001;
}
if(d==0b00000010) // if Key 2 is pressed
{
PORTB=0b00000010;
}
if(d==0b000000011) // if Key 3 pressed
{
PORTB=0b00000000;//
}
} //while closed
} //main closed
8.Flow Chart
9. Future Prospective
- Hydraulic
technology can be used in near future for smoother operation.
- IR Sensors
can be used to make it fully automated.
- Password
protection can be used to make it effective for home security.
- The design
of this project can also be replaced by Biometric finger print device.
10. Conclusion
This
project is a working state of art developing technology in the field of
wireless automatic systems. The unmanned system and wireless controls helps in
saving time and human power. However the range of RF module is limited only up
to 65metres only so it cannot be controlled from distance. It has wider use
that is it can be used in home, factory and for lockers with password
protection. This projects is certainly a boon for the lazy people.
Fig 10.1: Working Wireless Door Locking System
Fig 10.2: 3D VIEW
Fig 10.2: Front view
Fig 10.3:TOP
VIEW
Fig 10.4: SIDE
VIEW
11. Acknowledgement
It is my pleasure to
take this opportunity to thank all those who helped me directly or indirectly
in successfully making this project. Not everything that I have learned can be
acknowledged with a few words, not everything that I acknowledge will relieve
me from my indebt-ness.
I am grateful to Mr.
Dheeraj Kumar, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical engineering,
Sikkim Manipal Institute of Technology for his patience, motivation,
enthusiasm, immense knowledge and constant support. His guidance has helped me
throughout my project work and in writing my paper.
I would like to extend my sincere thanks to Mr. Dhruva Kumar,
Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical engineering, Sikkim Manipal
Institute of Technology for constantly
motivating us and helping us out selflessly.
I would like to thank
all my friends and especially my classmates for all the discussions and helping
us out with programing. We are especially indebted to our parents for their
love, sacrifice, and support. Our full dedication to the work would have not
been possible without their blessings and moral support. This project is a
dedication to them.
12.
References
Journal Papers:
[1] Zeydin pala and Nihat Inan ,”smart parking application using RFID
Technology”, RFID Eurasia, 1st annual in RFID Eurasia, 2007
[2] Goodrum, P.
Mclarem, M.Durfee “ The Application of Active Radio Frequency Identification
Technology for Tour Tracking on Contruction job Sites” Automation in
Construction, 15 (3), 2006, pp 292-302
Books:
[1]Theory of Machines by SS Ratan
Web Support:
[4] Frontiers in Robotics Automation and Control – Alexander
Zemliak
